Binary Sneeze

Relays:

A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. In the original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to open or close one or many sets of contacts.

A simple relay has 5 pins. The left 2 pins are the operating part by taking input, the rest of the pins are the switching part to get output. A 4 pin relay doesn’t have NC pin. Read the rest of this entry »

OBJECT:

• To verify Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)
• To verify Current Divider Rule (CDR)

EQUIPMENT:

• DC power supply (0-30V)
• DMM
• Resistors of different values
• Connecting wires
• Digital Experiment Board

THEORY:

KCL states that:

“The sum of currents flowing into a point in a circuit is equal to the sum of the currents flowing out of that same point”

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

Read the rest of this entry »

Introduction:

ESD shows energy distribution in frequency spectrum. Its units are jouls/hz. Total Energy of signal is area under ESD of signal. This relation is provided by Parseval’s Theorem, which relates energy in time domain to the energy in frequency domain.

That is:

Where |X(f)|² is Read the rest of this entry »

Dead are my people, gone are my people, but I exist yet, lamenting them in my solitude.  Dead are my friends, and in their death my life is naught but great disaster.  The knolls of my country are submerged by tears and blood, for my people and my beloved are gone, and I am here living as I did when my people and my beloved were enjoying life and the bounty of life, and when the hills of my country were blessed and engulfed by the light of the sun.

My people died from hunger, and he who did not perish from starvation was butchered with the sword; and I am here in this distant land, roaming amongst a joyful people who sleep upon soft beds, and smile at the days while the days smile upon them.

My people died a painful and shameful death, and here am I living in plenty and in peace.  This is deep tragedy ever enacted upon the stage of my heart; few would care to witness this drama, for my people are as birds with broken wings, left behind the flock. Read the rest of this entry »

- By Ali Mujahid

If we look around us we find everything in nature serves a purpose. The trees, mountains, rivers, lakes, insects are all interlinked to serve a purpose. If we look at the harmony in nature it seems that everything that exists knows it purpose. The only living thing not in harmony is the human being. Could this be the reason for such unrest within our society? That as human being we don’t know why we exist what is our purpose, do we even have a purpose. Personally these are age-old questions, which are answered by numerous philosophers from all time. But here I would like to use this aspect in person-to-person bases.

Each and every individual on this planet is different; each one of us has a different mix of talent. What I would like my readers to do is to write down the reason of your existence on a piece of paper.

This one statement can make the life of an individual more fruitful. Any individual with this statement written down would be more focused towards his/her goals and objectives. The person would develop excellent planning skills and implement them with a passion. If the individual have a strong belief about his / her reason of existence then there is a likely chance that this person would become a leader.

In order to develop a good reason of existence there are basically two rules. First is that it should not be too narrow and secondly it should not be too broad. Let’s take a simple example to say, “You exist only to fulfill your family requirements.” This statement is to narrow. What if God forbid the family dies then there would be no reason for the individual’s existence. Similarly if the statement is to broad like “I exist to perform good deeds in the society”. This statement is too broad and not much planning can go into it. The reason of existence should have a balance. Read the rest of this entry »

Non functional requirements can be defined as follows:-

• In systems engineering and requirements engineering, non-functional requirements are requirements that specify criteria that can be used to judge the operation of a system, rather than specific behaviors.
• It defines the overall qualities or attributes of the resulting system.
• It places restrictions on the product being developed, the development process, and specify external constraints that the product must meet.

“A non-functional requirement is a statement of how a system must behave, it is a constraint upon the systems behavior.” Read the rest of this entry »

The four basic operation of reorganization, regrouping, multiplication by a common factor, and division by a common factor can be used to solve for a unknown variable in an equation

Reorganization:

Reorganization is the process of moving the terms separated by addition, subtraction, or equality signs. When reorganization moves a term from one side of an equality to another, then the sing of the term must be changed. The following is a simple example of reorganization. All the equations convey the same information.

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Problem:

What is the best way to construct a bit mask in C with m set bits preceded by k unset bits, and followed by n unset bits:

00..0 11..1 00..0

k     m     n

For example, k=1, m=4, n=3 would result in the bit mask:

01111000

Solution:

To solve this problem, we are using VMlab

C File:

For the .c file, we are using the following code: Read the rest of this entry »

Problem 1:

The augmented matrix of a linear system has been reduced by row operations to the form shown. In the given case continue the appropriate row operations and describe the solution set of the original system.

Answer:

The above matrix implies that: Read the rest of this entry »

The basic rules used for reorganization of terms in an expression are

The following relations are useful in either expanding or factoring simple algebraic expressions. Read the rest of this entry »